Lady&#39;s decorated veil and method of making same



A. FRANK Dec. 19, 1950 LADYS DECORATED VEIL AND METHOD 0F MAKING SAME Filed Nov. 2, 1948 IN V EN TOR. /lmf' FFA fw( Patented Dec. 19, 1950 LADYS DECORATED VEIL AND METHOD OF MAKING SAME Adolf Frank, Long Beach, N. Y.

Application November 2, 1948, Serial No. 57,863

7 Claims.

The present invention is directed to fine nettings having decorative designs thereon, more particularly adapted for use for ladies veils and the like.

Ladies veils have been made by weaving a fine netting with lace-like designs thereon in suitable looms. However, such a method of manufacture was quite expensive and a very large investment in the complicated machinery necessary for such production rendered the product quite expensive. Therefore, such veils have not come into extensive use. Also, the number of designs which could be made was limited because of the expense of setting up the machinery for the several designs.

In order to lessen the cost of ladies veils, it has been proposed to take pieces of lace and sew them onto the netting. This introduced considerable difficulties in that with the ordinary sewing machine it was practically impossible to l machine to correctly sew the parts together. Be-

cause of the iineness of the netting, it was most @insult for any but very skiued operators to effectively sew the parts together without damage to the netting and distortion usually took place. As a result, practically no veil fabric of this type has been on the market.

It has also been proposed to provide other types of fabrics of relatively strong character with lace designs by cutting openings in the fabric of approximately the size and shape of the lace design to be attached thereto. The design was fitted into the opening and was sewed to the edges Aof the fabric. Such material was intended to be used as covering for furniture. However, the method could not be used in connection with netting because the fabric is so delicate that cutting thereof would destroy the weave.

The present invention has among its objects to overcome the difficulties and disadvantages inherent in prior methods, the present invention being directed to a method of making ladies veils which is simple and effective and which re suits in a product which is highly flexible and' .soft to the touch.

It is also among the objects of the present in vention to unite a lace design with a fine netting in various positions on the netting, Without the use of stitching. y

It is further among the objects of the present invention to provide a lmethod and a resulting product wherein the netting has raw edges and lace designs of regular or irregular shapes may be secured thereto to guard the raw edges and prevent ravelling thereof.

It is still further among the objects of the present invention to provide a decorated ladies' veil which is highly attractive, which may be made at a low cost of a large number of designs, which may have differently colored netting andy lace designs and which is resistant to wear.

In practicing the present invention, there is provided a fine netting such as is adapted to be used for ladies veils, such netting having openingsv I at least fifteen times the thickness or diameter ofthe threads. There is also provided suitable lace f tion for better adherence.

lace design and the solvent of the adhesive is' evaporated.

The assembly is subjected to a steaming oper-- ation, wherein steam or other gas preferably at high temperature is forced through the assembled fabrics to remove any adhering adhesive.

The steam also has the function of maintaining the contacting fibers in a soft and moist condi- Then the assembly is subjected to heat and pressure, the tempel ature being about 350 to 400 F., at a pressurev of 10 to 20 lbs. per square inch, for a sufficient length of time so as to cause incipient fusion of one of the constituents of the adhesive and a blending of the two fabrics at the points of contact.

. In the accompanying drawing constituting a part hereof, and in which like reference characters indicate like parts,

.` Fig. l is a fragmentary enlarged perspective view of a piece of netting adapted for use in mak-A ing a ladies veil;

Fig. 2 is a similar View showing the netting after the initial treatment of the fibers to render the same more receptive to impregnation; and

Excess adhesive is.

In practicing the present invention, the net-v ting l and the lace design 2 are treated with a solution consisting of the following ingredients:

Per cent by weight The caustic soda chemically combines with the fiber of .the fabric, particularly when cellulose or cotton is contained therein. The solution may be applied by padding and the excess liquid pressed out of the fabric. A light acid rinse iis given to the fabric to remove any excess of caustic soda thereon and usuallya weak solution of acetic acid in water and containing 2% to 3% of acetic acid is used.

There is provided an adhesive composition containing water, an emulsifying -agent and an acid. The composition of this adhesive is as follows:

Water soluble adhesive 30-40 Water -20 Emulsifying agent 5-6 Weak acid 2 The two adhesive compositions are combined in the proportions of 50% to 60% of the watercontaining adhesive and 50% to 40% of the organic adhesive. The ,following is a specific exampleofan adhesive which issuitable for the purpose:

Per cent by weight Dextrin 35 Water Na napthalene sulphonate 5 Na bisulphite 2 Ethyl cellulose 7 Ethanol 6 Solvent naptha The caustic soda treated fabrics are then impregnated with the combined adhesive composition, allowing sufficient time of contact so that it may penetrate into the fibers themselves. The

caustic soda treatment has resulted in a roughening or opening :up of the vfibers providing microscopic voids into which the adhesive is capable of flowing. Since the adhesive contains an acid agent, this reacts with caustic soda still contained in the bers, neutralizes the same and replaces it with adhesive. Then the excess of adhesive composition is removed by wiping or any other ksuitable and known method. This frees the openings or layers of the fabrics from adhesive and prevents subsequent hardening or stiiening.

The netting is then placed on a flat surface and the pieces of lace design contacted therewith, such designs being placed at any desired positions on the netting. The solvents of the adhesive composition are evaporated so that the material is .diy to the touch. Then a current of steam at a relatively low pressure, say about 5 lbs. per square inc-h, is caused to -ow through the assembled parts to remove `any excess of adhesive which may be present on the surfaces of the fibers. Then the assembly is subjected to heat and pressure, usually for three to five minutes, the temperature being about 350 F. and the pressure about 10 lbs. per square inch. This CJi causes a fusion of the ethyl cellulose in the fibers of both the netting and the design and the fused particles of the two pieces unite to form homogeneous areas of contact. Upon cooling the material solidies and a permanent and flexible union results.

There are numerous advantages inherent in the present invention. Quantity production of veils made by the method described above does not require highly skilled operators nor any complicated machinery and the investment is relatively small. Because of the simplicity of the operation, it is an easy matter to obtain all sorts of irregular designs of ladies veils, and custom made veils can be produced at a relatively low cost. It is not necessary to hem any of the raw edges of the netting, which is a difficult operation, but they may be protected against ravelling by theapplication of a lace design. The veil is just as exible and soft as the lace design itself and the adhesive does not in any degree stien the fabric since it is contained only in the fibers themselves and not on the face of the fabric. Also the points of adherence of the netting and design are relatively few so that such points do not add any stiffness to the veil.

Although the invention has been described setting forth a single specific example of the operation of the invention, said example was intended to illustrate the invention and not to limit it. Various changes in the details may be made, as for example, the treatment of the fibers to render them capable of ready impregnation may be accomplished by the use of other chemicals than caustic soda, depending on the chemical nature `of the bers. In some cases it might be possible to mechanically roughen the fibers for the same purpose. In place of the dextrin, other water-soluble adhesives may be substituted in whole or in part, such as starch, casein, glue and sorbitol syrup. In place of the emulsifying agent specified in the specific example, other Wellknown emulsiers such as Turkey red oil, the condensation of higher fatty acids and alkylolamines and various others may be used. The weak acid agent may be replaced by volatile free acids in equivalent amounts, such as hypochloric, acetic and others. The organic adhesive may be any one of various adhesives on the market, such as those containing vinyl acetate, cellulose acetate, cellulose nitrate, synthetic rubbers and the like. Various solvents for such adhesives other than those specifically set forth may be used, such as ethyl lactate, acetone, benzene, ethyl ether, methyl ethyl ketone and various others,

the exact character of the solvents being dependent upon the character of the organic adhesive.

Dyes and coloring matters may be used in the adhesive compositions, the amounts and character thereof being dependent upon the results which are desired. Both the netting and the .lace design may be of the same or different colors and the adhesive may be given a color commensurate Awith the darker or more prominent of the colors used. If, for example, the lace is a relatively dark color placed on a white netting, the adhesive contains a dye practically identical in color with that cf the lace and only the lace is impregnated therewith. The netting may be either impregnated with a dye-free adhesive or may be free from adhesive. In the course of the operation, the adhesive from the lace will bond with the ber of the netting to give a unitary structure. Very beautiful combinations have been obtained by the use. @i Various Colors I claim:

1. A method of making decorated veils which comprises providing affine netting of cellulose bers having openings at least fifteen times the thickness of the threads, and a separate lace design fabric, treating the threads thereof with an alkali solution to mercerize the same, washing out excess of alkali therefrom, impregnating said netting and lace with an adhesive the major portion of which is in water solution, said adhesive containing an acid substance, removing adhering cement from the surfaces of said netting and lace, evaporating the solvent therefrom, placing said netting and lace in contact and subjecting the same to heat and pressure.

2. A method according to claim 1 in which the adhesive includes a minor .portion of fusible synthetic organic adhesive in a volatile organic solvent.

3. A method according to claim 1 in which a hot gas is forced through the mesh of the veil prior to applying heat and pressure to remove solvent and excess of adhesive and to soften the threads.

4. A method according to claim 3 in which the hot gas is steam under a pressure of about 5 pounds per square inch.

5. A method according to claim 2 in which the adhesive substances are dextrin and ethyl cellulose.

6. A veil comprising a ne netting of cellulose fibers having openings at least 15 times the thickness of the threads, a separate lace design fabric superimposed thereon, the threads of said netting and lace being adhered over the entire area of Contact, an adhesive in said adhered threads, said adhesive having a major portion thereof water soluble, the spaces between the threads being free from adhesive, said veil being substantially as iiexible as the lace alone before attachment.

7. A veil according to claim 6, in which the adhesive contains a minor portion of a fusible synthetic organic adhesive.

ADOLF FRANK.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the le of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,181,359 VanRaalte May 2, 1916 1,256,205 Coolbroth Feb. 12, 1918 1,848,135 Mead Mar. 8, 1932 2,083,865 Rensink June l5, 1937 2,224,994 Thinius Dec. 17, 1940 2,332,848 Grabec Oct. 26, 1943 

